Mediterranean anemia is a form of thalassemia, a genetic disease is not infectious, which is passed by inheritance. The name is due to the geographical distribution of the disease: sickle cell anemia, in fact, widespread mainly in the countries of the Mediterranean basin (south-central Italy, North Africa, Greece), but there is also less frequent in the south-east Asia, in the South Pacific, the Middle East and parts dell'IndiaLe origins The origins of certain genetic mutation that gave the Mediterranean anemia development is not known. What is known is the bond that the disease was in the past with environmental factors. Indeed, it seems that the sickle has spread malaria through areas of migration and military invasions of the ancient populations: the development would have been favored by carriers that is immune to malaria, have made flying the disease in areas the basin of the Mediterranean dovutaL'anemia Mediterraneo.A what is a blood disorder caused by a defect in the synthesis of hemoglobin, the protein in red blood cells, which has the dual function of carrying oxygen from the lungs to organs and tissues , and expel carbon dioxide. Anemia Mediterranean occurs in people who have inherited at conception from both parents ("couples at risk") a defective gene. In patients, red blood cells are reduced in number compared to the threshold parameters and contain, therefore, low amounts of emoglobina.Come trasmissioneAl is the moment of conception, a child receives genes from both parents if the parents are both carriers of sickle cell anemia can receive from each of the two or the normal gene or gene difettoso.A transmission of normal genes, the child will be born healthy. If it receives a normal gene and one defective in 50% of cases the child will be born sano.Se carrier receives both defective genes, the son born suffering from sickle cell anemia and will not be able to produce hemoglobin sufficienza.Come is the diagnosis of routine clinical diagnosis is made through a complete series of blood tests. Those investigations should be carried out by all of childbearing age: a person can in fact be a healthy carrier of sickle cell anemia without developing the disease and not accuse any sintomo.La early diagnosis is crucial because it allows, in advance, to assess the risk of having children is manifested ammalati.Come patients with sickle cell anemia occur in the first months of life, pallor, jaundice, changes in the skeleton, accumulation of iron in the body, problems of development. In severe cases this can be a form of heart failure due to dilatation of the heart (referred to as Cooley's disease). On the contrary, the "carriers" of sickle cell anemia have no symptoms or minor ailments found mostly related to stress conditions psycho-physical (eg infectious diseases) or during gravidanza.Come curaTrasfusioni is constant, cardiac iron chelation treatments are the main treatment in cases of sickle cell anemia: the aim is to provide fully functional hemoglobin the body is unable to produce by itself . In some cases, also for patients with suitable donor, the transplant of bone marrow or stem cells can be risolutivo.La Mediterranean anemia treatment normalizes growth of patients and reduces the occurrence of problems in bone and cardiovascolare.Federico Cesareo
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